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Význam vitaminu D a jeho metabolitů v reprodukci živočišných organismů
Červenka, Jiří
Vitamin D is considered to be a group of molecules that have many functions in animal organisms. The best known of these is the key role in calcium and phosphorus homeostasis and regulation of bone mineralization. In recent years, however, many new functions of this vitamin have been discovered, such as the regulation of cell proliferation and differentiation, its influence on the immune system or its function in animal reproduction. This thesis deals with the importance of vitamin D in animal reproduction with an emphasis on livestock. In the literature review, the occurrence of receptors for vitamin D in cells of various types of different tissues of reproductive system, particularly in mammals and birds, and the function of various metabolites mediated by these receptors are discussed in the individual chapters. The thesis includes the design of methodology, which would test the effect of vitamin D on reproduction of the male and female domestic chickens. The hypothesis could verify, whether or not, Rhode Island Red cockerels, that would be fed a diet with a higher vitamin D content would demonstrate better ejaculate parameters and higher fertilization of eggs laid by Rhoade Island White hens inseminated with this semen. Furthemore, a solution is proposed to verify the hypothesis, assuming higher hatchability and lower embryonic mortality in hens fed higher vitamin D feed mixture. The result would be compared with hens and roosters of the same breeds, reared in an environment with the same conditions, fed a vitamin D deficient feed mixture.
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Sperm maturation process in fishes (review)
KŘIŠŤAN, Jakub
The main aim of this thesis was to review the current knowledge in the field of fish sperm maturation (a process where immature spermatozoa acquire the potential to respond to motility-activating factors) and the urogenital system structure in relation to this maturation.
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The role of a nurse at general practitioner's office for children and adolescents in connection to prevention of testicular cancer
NESPALOVÁ, Jana
Theory background Testes are two male reproductive glands located in the scrotum and separated protective sheath of dense connective tissue. They play major role in spermatogenesis and hormone production. They also represent secondary gender symbols and therefore are important for the personality forming of young individuals. Testicular cancer stand for about 1- 1.8% of all malignant tumour diseases in males and occur most often between 15- 35 years of age. This bachelor's work gives information on the anatomy and physiology of testes, the risk factors and causes for the occurrence of testicular cancer, and also about the symptoms and diagnostics. This thesis also deals with the role the nurse has in general practitioner's office for children and adolescents regarding the prevention of testicular cancer, preventive check-ups and self-examination. Work aim First aim of this work is to map the role of the nurse in general practitioner's office for children and adolescents regarding the prevention of testicular cancer. The research question posed was: What is the role of the nurse in general practitioner's office for children and adolescents regarding the prevention of testicular cancer? Second aim was to find out about the awareness on testicular cancer in boys 15-19. First hypothesis says: Awareness about the prevention of testicular cancer varies with age. Second hypothesis: Self-examination of testes changes with age. Used methods Qualitative research was used for the first part of the assignment, while a questionnaire and method of deep dialogues with the nurses working at general practitioner office for children and adolescents in South Bohemia was conducted for the second part. The dialogs were recorded on a dictaphone and then transcribed word for word. In the second part quantitative research was used through a method of questioning and technique of non-standardised questionnaire. The questionnaire was filled in by boys aged 15-19 living in South Bohemia. The parameter test Anova, a type of scattering analysis, was used on the data. "Its basis lies in the total scattering of the followed variable being divided into scattering within individual selections and scattering between them. If the scattering between the selections is improbably large it points towards significant influence of factor a (Budíková, 2010, s. 181)." Results The transcribed dialogs were analysed by open coding, by the pen and paper method. Five categories were defined: Education, testicular cancer, testes examination, patient dispensary. Subcategories with major data encoded, were assigned to each category. Analysis of the non-standardised questionnaire gave rise to ten resulting graphs with respondent answers. The graphs were consequently described. First hypothesis saying that the knowledge about the prevention of testicular cancer changes with age was not proven. The second hypothesis saying that the process of self-examination changes with age was not proven either. Conclusions The first research part proves that nurses working in general practitioner office for children and adolescents do educate the patient on this subject. The respondent possessed basic information on the subject of prostatic cancer and stated that testes examination is conducted in the surgeries. Scientific literature for this subject was recommended by only two of nine respondents. The respondents stated that testes examination and education about the subject of testicular cancer is conducted, although the second part of the research showed that the boys are almost not at all familiar with the subject. Furthermore, testicular examination was not conducted for most of them at the practitioner's office. The second part of research showed that the boys aged 15-19 let possess insufficient information on the prevention of testicular cancer. Most had almost no knowledge on what is involved in such prevention.
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Men's awareness about the issue of testicular cancer.
POSPÍŠILOVÁ, Markéta
Theoretical solution Testicles are the primary male sexual organs producing testosterone. They not only make sperm but also secondary sexual features and the whole personality. We should mainly pay attention to testes in oncology because there are more occurrences of tumors with the men of younger age. These men might be very sensitive about the problems concerning sexual system and that is why the bachelor thesis deals with the issues of men's knowledge of testicular cancer. There is basic information in the thesis about organs anatomy, factor of disease, diagnostics and medical treatment. The thesis is further focused on secondary preventive measures and method of self-examination of testicles. It helps to recognize the problem in time which is in this kind of cancer very crucial. There is also mentioned the role of nurses and their instruction to men about the prevention of testicular cancer, medical care of the patient during the diagnostics, pre-operative preparation, postoperative care and other healing process. Aim of the Thesis Aim 1 Find out how much men are aware in the field of testicular cancer? Aim 2 Find out the change of behavior of men to their health after the operation of testicles? Research Question n. 1 How much men are aware about the problem in their risk age? Question n. 2 How much men are aware of self-examination methods? Question n. 3 In what field has changed the men's behavior to their health after the operation of testicles? Methodology To be able to find out necessary data, qualitative method was picked. To the collection of information was used method of half-standard interview with the questions to the concrete issues. Five respondents in a risk age were approached to the research in the case of malignant tumors origin on testicles and five respondents who had already undergone the treatment of this disease. Information was analyzed, consequently put to the categories and finally evaluated. Results Results of the research showed that men are mostly aware of the problems of testicular cancer. They usually underestimate this disease because they are not informed about the issue enough. Men usually know about the symptoms but most of them have wrong idea about the age occurrence and medical treatment. Preventive method of self-examination is for men usually unknown. Respondents who underwent operation of malignant tumor of testicles are about this method properly instructed. Frequently, according to the results, they make light the return of the disease and also do not practice the self-examination method regularly. Results also revealed that this disease is still somehow a taboo. Some respondents with the successful cure admitted that they were ashamed for this diagnoses. Conclusion The research showed us that men are not informed enough about the malignant tumor of testicles. This also confirms the fact that healthy men do not know the self-examination method. According to the results men who underwent the treatment of testicular cancer are now more informed but they usually underestimate the necessity to do the self-examination regularly. They also admitted in the interview that they were not informed enough before the disease. If they were, their health problem could have been discovered earlier and the high risk of metastasis could have been lower. For all this there is a need to increase the knowledge of the malignant testicle tumors in population which will influence the regular usage of self-examination method and it can also change the attitude of men to their health. Bachelor thesis contains pamphlet about the origin of testicular cancer. It is intended for men who are in risk age and it will be offered as a practical usage in medical facility.
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Spermatogenesis in long lived species of water bugs ? water cricket (Velia caprai) (Heteroptera: Gerromorpha: Veliidae)
BĚLINOVÁ, Lucie
This diploma thesis is devoted to the spermatogenesis of long living water bug species ?water cricket (Velia caprai). Spermatogenesis of nymphs of the fifth instaru, adults of defined age (from 1 up to 60 days after the ecdysis) and also the adults caught in the field of unknown age before - and after the hibernation were studied by histological methods. It was discovered that spermatogenesis of this species is in progress continuously. Even the nymphs of the 5th instar already had spermatids presented and the adult males disposed of spermatozoans just one day after the ecdysis. The presence of all the spermatogenesis cell types (spermatogonia, primary and secondary spermatocytes, spermatids and sperms) was confirmed in the case of male adults of various age ? younger after ecdysis as well as older including males after hibernation. Semiaquatic bug Velia caprai has not typical testes in comparison with most of Insects. They are formed by just one testicular follicle which is wider than longer. The follicle´s top is not distinctly formed; the germanium is located in the middle of the follicle´s wider part which is across from the testicle´s orifice to vas deferens. This anomalous position of germarium represents the original apex of testicular follicle in this species.
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